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Bandgap Design

Example CMOS bandgaps

Mathcad software for bandgap designSoftware

1.  Circuit Sage's bandgap.mcd, (and pdf).  An extensive Mathcad 2001i routine for designing integrated bandgap circuits.
2.  Download Mathcad Explorer Free,  A free viewier for Mathcad versions 8 and lower.  You can edit, but not save.
3.  Mathcad Tutorial, a good tutorial by Sidney Young and Theresa Julia Zielinski.
4.  Valery Ochkov's Book on Mathcad usage.
5.  Information on Mathcad from Mathsoft.

Articles on bandgap design and analysisArticles on Bandgaps

1.   R. J. Widlar, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, SC-6, 2-7, 1971.
2.  Bob Pease, "The design of Band-Gap Reference Circuits: Trials and Tribulations," IEEE Proceedings of the 1990 Bipolar Circuit and Technology Meeting, September 17-18th 1990. Also in http://www.national.com/rap/Application/0,1570,24,00.html.
3.   Low Voltage Low-Power CMOS Bandgap References, by Timothy Low
4.   Choppered CMOS Bandgap Reference, A good article, which talks about bandgap variance and noise.
5.   Bandgap Tutorial, a basic tutorial by Fikret Dulger.
6.   A Curvature Corrected CMOS Bandgap Reference, ESSIRC2000, A simple technique for curvature correcting a bandgap. A nice tutorial on this architecture, and a copy of this architecture.
7.   Low Voltage Bandgap, an ICECS00 paper on a low voltage bandgap.
8.   Linear Tech's Voltage Reference Information, a good collection of practical voltage reference and bandgap design notes.
9.   National Micropower Voltage Reference, an ancient (1976) article on JFET voltage references.
10.  Holberg Bandgap Reference Notes, a quick overview of bandgaps.
11.   National Semiconductor Bandgap Notes, 1971! oldie but goodie.
12.   References Lecture, discusses different bandgap references.
13.   Effect of Ground Drop on Bandgaps, by Jim Daly:  a case for routing bandgap currents and Kelvin connections.
14.   Info on Bandgap References, Basic bandgap info.
15.   Beta Multiplier Self-Referencing (also called a VDSsat/R reference) and Self-Biased Referencing by Ben Blalock.
16.   The making of a bandgap reference, an interesting tutorial on how to design a bipolar bandgap.
17.  Maxim's voltage reference application notes.
18.   Error Sources in 1st order bandgap references. by Vishal Gupta, 
19.  Analog Devices' Voltage Reference Information, by Walt Jung.  A older paper with coverage different types of voltage references.
20. Colorado State article on voltage references.
21.  Bandgap circuit design notes from URI.
22.  Statistical analysis of a bandgap reference from Zkom.  Too expensive for what a simple Monte Carlo can do.
23.  NEC Research Index.  Many papers on bandgap design.  Extremely useful.
24.  ESSCIRC Website: Many good papers on bandgap design. Very useful.
25. Tordoff's bandgap page.
26. Some bandgap class notes from McGill.
27. Some bandgap notes from Georgia Tech.

Bandgap PatentsBandgap Patents

1.  Free USPTO (Patent and Trademark Office),  free full access to all patents, but the search engine isn't that good.  First use Delphion to search and get front page, and USPTO to get other pages for details.
2.  Delphion's Patent Search Engine,  View front page for free, but must pay for full view.  Better search engine than USPTO
1.  5952873; 5,910,726; 6,046,577; 6,078,183; 4,839,535; 6,023,189; 5,245,273; 4,896,094; 6,133,719

Books on bandgap circuit designBooks

1.  Gabriel Rincon-Mora:  From Diodes to Precision High-Order Bandgap References.
2.  Gray and Meyer:  Analysis and Design of Integrated Circuits
3.  Huijsing et al:  Analog Circuit Design

Please send us your comments, questions, and suggestions:  helpatcircuitsagedotcom.