.MCAD 308000000 \  docDocumentMmcObject[  dim_formatTmasslengthtimecharge temperature luminosity substanceNumericalFormatQdjj shpRectVP K mcDocumentObjectState\ mcPageModelK].?_>&I?].?mcHeaderFooterI@I |P CHeaderFooterJA{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab720{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss MS Sans Serif;}{\f1\froman\fcharset2 Symbol;}{\f2\fnil\fprq10 Arial;}{\f3\fswiss\fprq15 Arial;}{\f4\fscript\fprq2 EngrvrsOldEng BT;}} {\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;} \deflang1033\pard\plain\f4\fs16 roald c. maximo\plain\f3\fs18 \par } A{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab720{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss MS Sans Serif;}{\f1\froman\fcharset2 Symbol;}{\f2\fnil\fprq10 Arial;}{\f3\fswiss\fprq15 Arial;}{\f4\fscript\fprq2 EngrvrsOldEng BT;}} {\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;} \deflang1033\pard\qc\plain\f3\fs18 \par } A{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab720{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss MS Sans Serif;}{\f1\froman\fcharset2 Symbol;}{\f2\fnil\fprq10 Arial;}{\f3\fswiss\fprq15 Arial;}{\f4\fscript\fprq2 EngrvrsOldEng BT;}} {\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;} \deflang1033\pard\qr\plain\f3\fs18 \par } @JA{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab720{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss MS Sans Serif;}{\f1\froman\fcharset2 Symbol;}{\f2\fnil\fprq10 Arial;}{\f3\fswiss\fprq15 Arial;}{\f4\fscript\fprq2 EngrvrsOldEng BT;}{\f5\fswiss Arial;}} {\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;} \deflang1033\pard\plain\f3\fs18 \par } A{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab720{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss MS Sans Serif;}{\f1\froman\fcharset2 Symbol;}{\f2\fnil\fprq10 Arial;}{\f3\fswiss\fprq15 Arial;}{\f4\fscript\fprq2 EngrvrsOldEng BT;}{\f5\fswiss Arial;}} {\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;} \deflang1033\pard\qc\plain\f5\fs20 \par } A{\rtf1\ansi\deff0\deftab720{\fonttbl{\f0\fswiss MS Sans Serif;}{\f1\froman\fcharset2 Symbol;}{\f2\fnil\fprq10 Arial;}{\f3\fswiss\fprq15 Arial;}{\f4\fscript\fprq2 EngrvrsOldEng BT;}{\f5\fswiss Arial;}} {\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;} \deflang1033\pard\qr\plain\f3\fs18 \{n\} \par } @J@JMbP?MbP? 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TextStyle>@ ArialSerial_ParPropDefaultWNormal>@Arial@W Heading 1>@ Arial@W Heading 2>@ Arial@W Heading 3 >@ Arial@W Paragraph >@ Arial@WList >@ Arial@WIndent >@Times New Roman@W Title >@Times New Roman@W Subtitle font_style_listO font_styleP  VariablesMS Serif@P  ConstantsMS Serif@P TextArial@P Greek VariablesSymbol@P User 1Arial@P User 2 Courier New@P User 3System@P User 4Script@P User 5Roman@P User 6Modern@P User 7Times New Roman@P SymbolsSymbol@P Current Selection FontArial@P Undefined Font@P HeaderArial@P FooterArial@P Rotated Math FontMS Serifu TextRegion* docRegionGshpBoxU#  CharacterMap-RangeMap;4 UHF AMPLIFIER DESIGN USING SCATTERING PARAMETERS ChrPropMap74 RangeElem<4 ChrPropData8 RangeData=mArial ParPropMap94<4 ParPropData:@WEmbedMap1<LinkMap/4<4LinkData0@NormalArial *@U(#( }ww-UHF Amplifier.mcd7<8}255,0,09<:@W,1</<0@NormalArial *@U3C@-*Enter S parameters and desired power gain:7*9*<* :@W,1!</*"<*#0@NormalArial $*@U(3c(@00-3roald. c. maximo roald@mandic.com.br September 19997393%<3&:@W1'</3(<3)0@NormalArial *eqRegionB@UNi2`+tree @ p,@@ +-@@@,.@@d-S/@@-110@@,1@@t0.532@@03@@d2e4@@25@@@46@@t51j7@@5\k8@@K49@@8135:@B@UR d`;@@ p<@@ ;=@@d<GpdB>@@<17.11?*@U@Sc@`^^-<== gain em dB79@@<@A:@W,1@B</@C<@D0@NormalArial @E@B@Unz2@F@@ p@G@@ @F@H@@@@G@I@@d@HS@J@@@H12@K@@@G@L@@t@K.07@M@@@K@N@@d@Me@O@@@M@P@@@@O@Q@@t@P1j@R@@@P\k@S@@@O43@T*@UPP gT@T@-@In this example the S parameters correspond to transistor MRF-901 operating at 500 MHz. The bias conditions are Vce = 10 V. and Ic = 5 mA. Source refl.coeff. chosen from data sheet for optimum noise figure.79pp_@U@@A<0A?@@KA;A@@@A?1AA@@A:1AB@B@U"40AC@@ pAD@@ ACAE@@dADvAF@@ADAG@@dAFifAH@@pAFAI@@ AHAJ@@ @AIAK@@(@AJAL@@dAKB2AM@@AK0AN@@KAJAO@@AN1AP@@AI1AQ@B@Uh@t0nAR@@ pAS@@ARAT@@dAS\kAU@@ASAV@@@AUAW@@tAV2AX@@AV\pAY@@AU360AZ@B@UL}:hA[@@ pA\@@ A[A]@@dA\G.amaxA^@@A\A_@@tA^10A`@@A^Aa@@dA`logAb@@pA`Ac@@AbAd@@@AcAe@@{@AdAf@@AeAg@@dAfSAh@@Af21Ai@@{AdAj@@AiAk@@dAjSAl@@Aj12Am@@pAcAn@@AmAo@@dAnKAp@@AnAq@@dApuAr@@{ApAs@@ArAt@@@AsAu@@dAtKAv@@At2Aw@@As1Ax@B@U ZqQhAy@@ pAz@@AyA{@@dAzG.amaxA|@@AzA}@@+@A|@XA~@@A|A*@U[kh@-&<= maximum available gain ( dB ) K > 17&A<A8A0,0,0A<$A8A255,0,0AAA9&A<&A:@W,1A</&A<&A0@NormalArial A*@U@@& -@I<=== source S parameter for maximum gain K > 1 7HHIA@@B82B?@@B7B@@@p@B?BA@@{B@BB@@BA\DBC@@B?2BD*@UK[XP--<== Center of the output instability circle 7-9-BE<-BF:@W,1BG</-BH<-BI0@NormalArial BJ@B@Ut$BK@@ pBL@@ BKBM@@dBLR.oBN@@BLBO@@{@BNBP@@BOBQ@@@BPBR@@dBQSBS@@BQ12BT@@BPBU@@dBTSBV@@BT21BW@@BNBX@@@BWBY@@p@BXBZ@@{BYB[@@BZB\@@dB[SB]@@B[22B^@@BX2B_@@BWB`@@p@B_Ba@@{B`Bb@@Ba\DBc@@B_2Bd@B@U y:,Be@@ pBf@@ BeBg@@dBf\q.oBh@@BfBi@@@BhBj@@tBi1Bk@@Bi\kBl@@BhBm@@dBlargBn@@pBlBo@@Bnc.oBp*@UP--<== Radius of the output instability circle 7-9-Bq<-Br:@W,1Bs</-Bt<-Bu0@NormalArial Bv@B@Ub.Bw@@ pBx@@BwBy@@{@BxBz@@Byc.oB{@@BxB|@@+@B{@XB}@@B{ _n_u_l_l_B~*@Uxx}77-}<=== center location7B<B8B~~$B<B8B~BBB9B<B:@W,1B</B<B0@NormalArial B@B@U[!B@@ pB@@BB@@dB\q.oB@@BB@@+@B@XB@@B _n_u_l_l_B@B@UW#B@@ pB@@BB@@dBR.oB@@BB@@+@B@XB@@B _n_u_l_l_B*@Ux xyyy- <== radius7 9 B< B:@W,1B</ B< B0@NormalArial B*@U#S000-@The source reflection coefficient is to be defined bellow next to the Smith chart and chosen so as to fall over the constant gain circumference, caring that the calculated load reflection coefficient doesn't fall inside the instability circle79B<B:@W1B</B<B0@NormalArial B*@U[zkh rr-Load calculation :7B<B8BmArial9B<B:@W1B</B<B0@NormalArial B@B@U| .B@@ pB@@ BB@@dB\G.lB@@BB@@@BB@@@BB@@dBSB@@B22B@@BB@@@BB@@@BB@@@BB@@dBSB@@B12B@@BB@@dBSB@@B21B@@B\G.sB@@BB@@tB1B@@BB@@@BB@@dBSB@@B11B@@B\G.sB@B@U1/B@@ pB@@ BB@@dBc.RmlB@@{BB@@B\G.lB@B@Ux0B@@ pB@@ BB@@dB\q.lB@@BB@@@BB@@tB1B@@B\kB@@BB@@dBargB@@pBB@@B\G.lB@B@U0U1B@@ pB@@BB@@{@BB@@B\G.lB@@BB@@+@B@XB@@BB@B@U8MkB@@ pB@@BB@@dB\q.lB@@BB@@+@B@XB@@BB*@UYiQQ- Power gain :7 B< B8BmArial9 B< B:@W1B</ B< B0@NormalArial B@B@UT'B@@ pB@@ BB@@dBG.TB@@BB@@@BB@@@BB@@@BB@@p@BB@@{BB@@BB@@dBSB@@B21B@@B2B@@pBB@@BB@@tB1B@@BB@@p@BC@@{BC@@C\G.sC@@B2C@@pBC@@CC@@tC1C@@CC@@p@CC@@{CC @@C\G.lC @@C2C @@BC @@p@C C @@{C C@@C C@@@CC@@p@CC@@CC@@tC1C@@CC@@@CC@@dCSC@@C11C@@C\G.sC@@pCC@@CC@@tC1C@@CC@@@CC@@dCSC@@C22C@@C\G.lC @@CC!@@@C C"@@@C!C#@@@C"C$@@dC#SC%@@C#21C&@@C"C'@@dC&SC(@@C&12C)@@C!\G.lC*@@C \G.sC+@@C 2C,@B@UJC-@@ pC.@@ C-C/@@dC.G.dBC0@@C.C1@@tC010C2@@C0C3@@dC2logC4@@pC2C5@@C4G.TC6*@U1D@-Constant gain circle:7C7<C88C6l Times New Roman0,0,09C9<C::@W1C;</C<<C=0@NormalArial C>@B@U_ypC?@@ pC@@@ C?CA@@dC@GoCB@@C@CC@@p@CBCD@@{CCCE@@CDCF@@dCESCG@@CE21CH@@CB2CI@B@U`_yypCJ@@ pCK@@ CJCL@@dCKD2CM@@CKCN@@@CMCO@@p@CNCP@@{COCQ@@CPCR@@dCQSCS@@CQ11CT@@CN2CU@@CMCV@@p@CUCW@@{CVCX@@CW\DCY@@CU2CZ@B@UYM|xC[@@ pC\@@ C[C]@@dC\GpC^@@C\C_@@tC^10C`@@C^Ca@@dC`GpdBCb@@C`10Cc@B@U;Cd@@ pCe@@ CdCf@@dCeGCg@@CeCh@@dCgGpCi@@CgGoCj@B@UhCk@@ pCl@@ CkCm@@dClc.gCn@@ClCo@@p@CnCp@@CoCq@@dCpGCr@@CpCs@@tCr1Ct@@CrCu@@dCtD2Cv@@CtGCw@@CnCx@@dCwC1Cy@B@U1,Cz@@ pC{@@ CzC|@@dC{R.gC}@@C{C~@@@C}C@@p@C~C@@CC@@@CC@@tC1C@@CC@@@CC@@@CC@@tC2C@@CKC@@{CC@@CC@@@CC@@dCSC@@C12C@@CC@@dCSC@@C21C@@CGC@@CC@@@CC@@p@CC@@{CC@@CC@@@CC@@dCSC@@C12C@@CC@@dCSC@@C21C@@C2C@@CC@@dCGC@@C2C@@C~C@@tC1C@@C2C@@C}C@@tC1C@@CC@@dCD2C@@CGC@B@UPjC@@ pC@@ CC@@dC\q.gC@@CC@@@CC@@tC1C@@C\kC@@CC@@dCargC@@pCC@@Cc.gC@B@Ub.C@@ pC@@CC@@{@CC@@Cc.gC@@CC@@+@C@XC@@C _n_u_l_l_C@B@Ua!C@@ pC@@CC@@dC\q.gC@@CC@@+@C@XC@@CC*@U``77- }<== center location7C<C8CC<C8C~$CC<C8CCCC9C<C:@W,1C</C<C0@NormalArial C@B@UW1#(C@@ pC@@CC@@dCR.gC@@CC@@+@C@XC@@C _n_u_l_l_C*@Up+p(GG- <== radius 7 9 C< C:@W,1C</ C< C0@NormalArial C*@UCSP-@UThose values may be plotted directly over a Smith chart or calculated as done bellow:7U9UC@@dD=\qD?@@D=iD@@@D<2DA@@D82DB@@D0DC@@tDB1DD@@DBDE@@p@DDDF@@DEDG@@@DFDH@@dDG\sDI@@DGiDJ@@DFDK@@dDJtanDL@@pDJDM@@DLDN@@@DMDO@@dDN\qDP@@DNiDQ@@DM2DR@@DD2DS@B@UDT@@ pDU@@ DTDV@@@DUDW@@dDVxDX@@DViDY@@pDUDZ@@DYD[@@@DZD\@@dD[tanD]@@pD[D^@@D]D_@@dD^\qD`@@D^iDa@@DZDb@@@DaDc@@@DbDd@@p@DcDe@@DdDf@@dDeZxDg@@DeiDh@@Dc2Di@@Db1Dj@@Da2Dk@B@UGi`Dl@@ pDm@@ DlDn@@@DmDo@@dDnrDp@@DniDq@@{DmDr@@DqDs@@@DrDt@@p@DsDu@@DtDv@@dDuZxDw@@DuiDx@@Ds2Dy@@DrDz@@p@DyD{@@DzD|@@dD{xD}@@D{iD~@@Dy2D@B@UZqhD@@ pD@@ DD@@dDRD@@DD@@dDZ.0D@@DrD@B@U`ZqshD@@ pD@@ DD@@dDXD@@DD@@dDZ.0D@@DxD@B@UhT~pD@@ pD@@ DD@@@DD@@dDQD@@DiD@@{DD@@DD@@@DD@@dDXD@@DiD@@DD@@dDRD@@DiD@B@UI D@@ pD@@DD@@@DD@@dDrD@@DiD@@DD@@@DD@@5DD@@<@DD CVSEqItem EqItemDDD CVSComboItemCVSItem< R*)CVSOleClientItem  ࡱ> Root EntryaB.dK8@PfContents9OlePres000W=R KQ MS Sans 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X5 7 9 1Gpxlm9mHairqShort Arial cke?redtop leftTim esEE NormalOsc atorATyLimitCH0CHMin! Resis+!E F SubTypeb" 8ptbE BipolarwE Env7eloi ; F!E!omposcircuiytI-.21m P%.253 z o g \ R F B = 0 !   3 3-0-0-0-0-0-0x-0h-0X-0G-04-0$-0-03i0i0i0i0i0i0i0ri0di0Ui0Gi0@@ E=E?@@@E>E@@@dE?C.gEA@@pE?EB@@EA\qEC@@E>ED@@@ECEE@@dEDR.gEF@@EDEG@@dEFeEH@@EFEI@@tEH1jEJ@@EH\qEK@@ECc.gEL*@U +  PP-AWhen K > 1 , a red diamond in the chart indicates the position of the source reflection coefficient for maximum power gain. For a specified gain, select a source over the constant gain circumference ( dotted circle ) and the load reflection coefficient will be automatically calculated. The actual source and load impedance values are indicated next to the schematic. 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A`Geometry2.NoShow1~@q @=s .`OpenEnd`Clos摐&z51or oܑthe a'sw enq1w, @T +-#i"'b?7i6࿷6?6? }%- F|s_#)Te )< eGDpSH+S|+)O*#,6i6?u?# ?@Bl(Wr,zDq?R Pbt D% w@3,@t4g 6Ac:?Kd:\visio\stencilsandard\Forms Shapes.vss*)6Dͽ @3s@F_T 9L*h9TI6i6?I{??I: ?F;zbbb b =NenuHW ;n*#HT$ RK0 i@{?@0%!&P @贁N{?@?! G%F"{?<&E&N&p W& Ak3%%?$5%%?*)IWXl_Up!-ÿ.,;-1N4L9T/V6L:f2?1%j6#7_ 000l0X0D000W (, O NLdgn'?? *#UEgF8MEqO<@;t0@ 0!??37.0pmMDq>?V_LrkPage-1Black fill}White uRed Greeun -Cya@Yellow GMnta3ay(10% x line3 Long dash1"darI9e. X5 7 9 1pxlm9mHairqShort Arial ckeredtop leftT/imesEE NormalElb\bus 130W3!5 5 5 0!1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x1 h1 X1 G1 41 $1 1 3 Ӂ r d U G < -  $>t"6i6?v?  !! k^ hl 2@B,nt<#cCUgy"? - ! %   " cD g (s@( 84 YVD8TDCګLPO&Fq!s ̯PyęPCw@$+h OS7!?)LG'wrڿ:`DQl2^O?w=ʷ<ګ C/!Visio (TM) Drawing RH8d !fffMMM333?q0?T D Arial-": -3Times New ?Roman5T?? Y@-1''J/T  hTJbOSS0{Gz?@CPjV]uVbUUO OS? 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